Network system, management server, and virtual machine deployment method

ABSTRACT

A network system includes a plurality of cloud systems. Each of the plurality of cloud systems includes a plurality of servers. Each of the plurality of servers allows virtual machines to run thereon. A first cloud system of the plurality of cloud systems includes a first generator and a deployer. The first generator generates, on the basis of first performance information regarding one virtual machine and a first predetermined coefficient predetermined for the first cloud system, second performance information regarding the one virtual machine. The first performance information is included in a first augmented image of the one virtual machine. The first augmented image is created in a second cloud system other than the first cloud system. The deployer deploys the one virtual machine on one of the plurality of servers included in the first cloud system on the basis of the generated second performance information.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application is based upon and claims the benefit of priority of theprior Japanese Patent Application No. 2010-129094 filed on Jun. 4, 2010,the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

FIELD

The embodiments discussed herein are related to a method for deploying avirtual machine.

BACKGROUND

Techniques for efficiently executing a plurality of virtual machines ona plurality of servers have been proposed. For example, a virtualmachine management server reads measured data indicating performance ofeach of the virtual machines in each of predetermined time periods, dataon storage capacities of the servers allowing the virtual machines torun thereon, and data on storage capacities of the virtual machines froma database (DB). The virtual machine management server calculates, onthe basis of the read data, performance of each of the virtual machinesin each of the predetermined time periods when run on each of theservers. The virtual machine management server determines a combinationof the virtual machines and the servers which provides the maximum sumof values indicating performance of the virtual machines in each of thepredetermined time periods. The virtual machine management server storesan image file (also referred to as an image) of each of the virtualmachines in a storage region of the server corresponding to the each ofthe virtual machines to redeploy the virtual machines in accordance withthe determined combination.

Japanese Laid-open Patent Publication No. 2005-115653 discloses arelated technique.

SUMMARY

According to an aspect of the present invention, provided is a networksystem including a plurality of cloud systems. Each of the plurality ofcloud systems includes a plurality of servers. Each of the plurality ofservers allows virtual machines to run thereon. A first cloud system ofthe plurality of cloud systems includes a first generator and adeployer. The first generator generates, on the basis of firstperformance information regarding one virtual machine and a firstpredetermined coefficient predetermined for the first cloud system,second performance information regarding the one virtual machine. Thefirst performance information is included in a first augmented image ofthe one virtual machine. The first augmented image is created in asecond cloud system other than the first cloud system. The second cloudsystem is included in the plurality of cloud systems. The deployerdeploys the one virtual machine on one of the plurality of serversincluded in the first cloud system on the basis of the generated secondperformance information.

The object and advantages of the invention will be realized and attainedby means of the elements and combinations particularly pointed out inthe claims. It is to be understood that both the foregoing generaldiscussion and the following detailed discussion are exemplary andexplanatory and are not restrictive of the invention, as claimed.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary configuration of a systemaccording to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2A is a diagram illustrating an exemplary image of a virtualmachine according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2B is a diagram illustrating an exemplary image of a standardvirtual machine according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3A is a diagram illustrating an example of performance informationregarding virtual machines according to an embodiment of the presentinvention;

FIG. 3B is a diagram illustrating an exemplary deployment of virtualmachines on virtual machine servers according to an embodiment of thepresent invention;

FIG. 3C is a diagram illustrating an exemplary deployment of virtualmachines on virtual machine servers according to an embodiment of thepresent invention;

FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary configuration of a networksystem according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary operation flow of avirtual machine management server according to an embodiment of thepresent invention;

FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary operation flow of creatingan augmented standard virtual machine image including standardperformance information according to an embodiment of the presentinvention;

FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary operation flow ofcalculating a performance information conversion coefficient accordingto an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary operation flow of creatingan augmented virtual machine image including common-format performanceinformation according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary operation flow ofdeploying a virtual machine across cloud systems according to anembodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary configuration of a systemaccording to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 11A is a diagram illustrating an example of performance informationregarding virtual machines according to an embodiment of the presentinvention;

FIG. 11B is a diagram illustrating an exemplary deployment of virtualmachines on virtual machine servers according to an embodiment of thepresent invention;

FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary operation flow ofdeploying virtual machines across cloud systems according to anembodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary operation flow ofdeploying virtual machines across cloud systems according to anembodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating an example of load informationaccording to an embodiment of the present invention; and

FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary system configuration of acomputer.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

How to deploy virtual machines efficiently across a plurality of cloudsystems is not considered in existing techniques. In addition, cloudsystems do not have the same performance and configuration in general.Thus, efficient deployment may not be performed when a user tries tomigrate a virtual machine running in a certain cloud system, sincereliable information may not be acquired for deploying the virtualmachine efficiently in a destination cloud system. In addition, it isnot uncertain whether the performance of the virtual machine in thedestination cloud system satisfies user's expectation, since reliableinformation may not be acquired for deploying the virtual machineefficiently.

It is preferable that virtual machines are efficiently deployed acrossdifferent cloud systems.

Embodiments of a network system, a management server and a virtualmachine deployment method will be discussed with reference to theaccompanying drawings.

First Embodiment

FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary configuration of a system according to afirst embodiment. A system 1 illustrated in FIG. 1 includes a virtualmachine server 2, a virtual machine management server 3 and a fileserver 4. The virtual machine server 2, the virtual machine managementserver 3 and the file server 4 are communicably connected to each otherthrough a local area network (LAN) 6. In addition, a user device 5 iscommunicably connected to the virtual machine management server 3 andthe file server 4 through the Internet 7 or the like. The system 1 is,for example, a cloud system that provides a predefined cloud service tothe user device 5.

The user device 5 is, for example, a personal computer (PC). The userdevice 5 includes a central processing unit (CPU) and a storage devicesuch as a read only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), or ahard disk drive (HDD).

The file server 4 includes a CPU and a storage device such as an HDD,for example. The file server 4 is a server that stores an image (a fileacquired by converting contents of a file system or the like) 40 of avirtual machine and an image 50 of a standard virtual machine (discussedlater). Hereinafter, images of a virtual machine and a standard virtualmachine may be referred to as a virtual machine image and a standardvirtual machine image, respectively. The CPU of the file server 4 maytransmit, in response to an instruction provided by the virtual machinemanagement server 3, the virtual machine image held by the file server 4to the virtual machine server 2 specified by the virtual machinemanagement server 3.

FIG. 2A illustrates an example of the virtual machine image 40. FIG. 2Billustrates an example of the standard virtual machine image 50.

The standard virtual machine is a virtual machine that performs abenchmark test in the system. A performance information conversioncoefficient (discussed later) is calculated on the basis of performanceinformation, which may be referred to as standard performanceinformation (discussed later), acquired by starting the standard virtualmachine. In other words, the standard virtual machine is a virtualmachine that is used to acquire information that is necessary tocalculate the performance information conversion coefficient.

For example, each of the virtual machine image 40 and the standardvirtual machine image 50 includes attribute information and a filesystem image.

The attribute information includes information such as an identifier(ID) of the virtual machine and version information of a kernel. In thepresent embodiment, the attribute information of the virtual machineimage 40 includes common-format performance information created by aperformance information converter 22 discussed later, and the attributeinformation of the standard virtual machine image 50 include standardperformance information acquired by a performance information acquirer21 discussed later.

The file system image includes binary files, library files or the likeof an operating system (OS) such as Linux (registered trademark).

The file system images and the attribute information other than thecommon-format performance information or the standard performanceinformation are the same as or similar to a file system image andattribute information that are included in a known virtual machineimage, and a detailed discussion thereof is omitted.

The virtual machine server 2 is a server that allows virtual machines torun thereon, and an example of the virtual machine server 2 is aphysical machine (a physical server). The virtual machine server 2(physical machine) includes a controller 20 and a storage 26, forexample.

The controller 20 is a CPU, for example. The controller 20 performsvarious types of calculations and control by executing variousapplication programs stored in the storage 26 and thereby serves as acontrol processing device that achieves various functions.

The storage 26 is a memory such as an ROM or RAM, or an HDD. Forexample, the storage 26 stores the various application programs and ahost OS that is Linux.

The virtual machine server 2 that is a physical machine is divided toachieve a virtual machine by causing the controller 20 that is the CPUto execute a virtual machine control program on the host OS. Virtualmachines may be achieved by using various known methods, and a detaileddiscussion thereof is omitted.

In the virtual machine server 2, the controller 20 that is the CPUincluded in the physical machine achieves functions of the performanceinformation acquirer 21, the performance information converter 22, animage creator 23 and an attacher 24 by executing the applicationprograms and the like stored in the storage 26.

The performance information acquirer 21 acquires, in response to aninstruction that has been transmitted from the virtual machinemanagement server 3 in accordance with an instruction from the userdevice 5, one or more pieces of performance information regarding thevirtual machine or the standard virtual machine running on the virtualmachine server 2. For example, the performance information acquirer 21acquires performance information from an OS (referred to as a guest OS)executed by the virtual machine or the standard virtual machine.

The performance information is information that indicates performance ofthe virtual machine that runs on a certain system. For example, theperformance information is information that depends on a hardwareconfiguration of the system. For example, CPU utilization, diskinput/output (I/O) bandwidth utilization, memory usage, network I/Obandwidth utilization, a CPU cycle at the time of measurement of theperformance information, the number of CPU cores and the like may beused as the performance information. The performance information may bean average or peak value of any of these types of information per unittime, or may be a periodical change in the information for each day ormonth as long as the performance information is used to deploy thevirtual machine.

The performance information acquirer 21 may acquire one or more piecesof performance information regarding the virtual machine or the standardvirtual machine running on the virtual machine server 2 upon startingthe virtual machine or the standard virtual machine. The acquiredperformance information is transmitted to the virtual machine managementserver 3 and managed by the virtual machine management server 3 for eachof the virtual machines.

The function of the performance information acquirer 21 may be achievedby various known methods, and a discussion thereof is omitted.

The performance information converter 22 converts the performanceinformation acquired by the performance information acquirer 21 on thebasis of a performance information conversion coefficient to generatecommon-format performance information. Specifically, the performanceinformation converter 22 converts the performance information acquiredby the performance information acquirer 21 by dividing the performanceinformation by the performance information conversion coefficient, forexample. The converted performance information is also referred to asthe common-format performance information. The performance informationconversion coefficient is a coefficient calculated by a conversioncoefficient calculator 35 (discussed later). The performance informationconversion coefficient is, for example, a CPU utilization coefficient, adisk I/O bandwidth utilization coefficient, a memory usage coefficient,or a network I/O bandwidth utilization coefficient, each normalized by aCPU cycle. The common-format performance information is, for example,CPU utilization, disk I/O bandwidth utilization, memory usage, ornetwork I/O bandwidth utilization, each normalized by a CPU cycle.

As discussed above, the performance information converter 22 convertsthe performance information acquired by the performance informationacquirer 21 on the basis of the performance information conversioncoefficient to generate the common-format performance information.

When the performance information acquirer 21 acquires plural pieces ofperformance information, the performance information converter 22converts the acquired plural pieces of performance information on thebasis of a plurality of performance information conversion coefficientsrespectively corresponding to the plural pieces of performanceinformation. For example, when the performance information acquirer 21acquires the disk I/O bandwidth utilization and the memory usage as theplural pieces of performance information, the performance informationconverter 22 converts the plural pieces of performance information bydividing the disk I/O bandwidth utilization and the memory usage by thedisk I/O bandwidth utilization coefficient and the memory usagecoefficient, respectively.

The image creator 23 creates an image of the virtual machine or thestandard virtual machine running on the virtual machine server 2, forexample. The image creator 23 stores the created image of the virtualmachine or the standard virtual machine in the file server 4. Thefunction of the image creator 23 may be achieved by various knownmethods, and a discussion thereof is omitted.

The attacher 24 attaches the common-format performance informationgenerated by the performance information converter 22 to the virtualmachine image created by the image creator 23, for example.Specifically, the attacher 24 attaches the common-format performanceinformation in the attribute information of the virtual machine image.

The attached common-format performance information is the CPUutilization, the disk I/O bandwidth utilization, the memory usage, orthe network I/O bandwidth utilization, each normalized by the CPU cycle,for example. Information, such as the number of CPU cores, necessary fora deployment of the virtual machine may be attached to the virtualmachine image as the common-format performance information even if thevalue may not be changed when a cloud system is changed.

The virtual machine management server 3 is a server that manages thevirtual machine server 2 and the file server 4, for example. The virtualmachine management server 3 includes a storage 31 and a controller 32 asillustrated in FIG. 1.

The storage 31 is a memory such as an ROM or an RAM or an HDD and storesthe performance information conversion coefficient (discussed later) andvarious types of data such as application programs.

The various types of data are information regarding the virtual machineserver 2, information regarding the file server 4, information regardingvirtual machines running on the virtual machine server 2, informationregarding virtual machine images, and information regarding theperformance of the virtual machines.

The controller 32 is a CPU, for example. The controller 32 achievesfunctions of a performance information inverter 33, a virtual machinedeployer 34 and a conversion coefficient calculator 35 by executing theapplication program and the like stored in the storage 31.

The performance information inverter 33 converts the common-formatperformance information included in the virtual machine image on thebasis of the performance information conversion coefficient calculatedby the conversion coefficient calculator 35 (discussed later) and storedin the storage 31, for example. Specifically, the performanceinformation inverter 33 converts the common-format performanceinformation included in the virtual machine image by multiplying thecommon-format performance information by the performance informationconversion coefficient to generate information that is used by thevirtual machine deployer 34 in deploying the virtual machine. Theconversion of common-format performance information by the performanceinformation inverter 33 is hereinafter also referred to as inversion inorder to distinguish from the conversion of the performance information(acquired by the performance information acquirer 21) by the performanceinformation converter 22.

When the virtual machine image has plural pieces of common-formatperformance information, the performance information inverter 33performs inversion on the plural pieces of common-format performanceinformation on the basis of performance information conversioncoefficients corresponding to the plural pieces of common-formatperformance information, respectively. The performance informationinverter 33 converts, for example, the disk I/O bandwidth utilizationand the memory usage (that are the plural pieces of the common-formatperformance information) on the basis of the disk I/O bandwidthutilization coefficient and the memory usage coefficient, respectively.

The virtual machine deployer 34 deploys the virtual machine or thestandard virtual machine on the virtual machine server 2, for example.In this case, the deployment is to copy the image of the virtual machineor the standard virtual machine into the storage 26 included in thevirtual machine server 2. Specifically, the virtual machine deployer 34deploys the virtual machine image on the virtual machine server 2 on thebasis of one or more pieces of performance information converted by theperformance information inverter 33 and causes the virtual machineserver 2 to start the virtual machine. The virtual machine deployer 34may deploy the virtual machine image by instructing the file server 4 totransmit the virtual machine image to the virtual machine server 2. Thevirtual machine deployer 34 may acquire the virtual machine image fromthe file server 4 to deploy the virtual machine image in the virtualmachine server 2.

The virtual machine deployer 34 deploys a virtual machine image withoutperformance information or a standard virtual machine image withoutperformance information so that a corresponding virtual machine orstandard virtual machine may run on an appropriate virtual machineserver 2 determined by an initial setting, for example. Hereinafter, animage without performance information may be referred to as an initialimage. An initial image of a virtual machine may be referred to as aninitial virtual machine image. An initial image of a standard virtualmachine may be referred to as an initial standard virtual machine image.

FIG. 3A illustrates an example of performance information regardingvirtual machines. FIG. 3B illustrates an exemplary deployment of thevirtual machines on the virtual machine servers. FIG. 3C illustratesanother exemplary deployment of the virtual machines on the virtualmachine servers. An example of operations of the virtual machinedeployer 34 will be discussed with reference to FIGS. 3A to 3C.

FIGS. 3A to 3C illustrate a system that includes three virtual machineservers VMS_X, VMS_Y and VMS_Z and four virtual machines (virtualmachine images) VM_A, VM_B, VM_C and VM_D. As illustrated in FIG. 3A,the CPU utilization normalized by the CPU cycle is provided for each ofthe virtual machines VM_A to VM_D as the performance informationinverted by the performance information inverter 33. In the exampleillustrated in FIG. 3A, the CPU utilization normalized by the CPU cycleof the virtual machines VM_A to VM_D are 20%, 40%, 80% and 40%,respectively.

For example, in order to deploy the virtual machines for the purpose ofsaving energy of the virtual machine servers as much as possible, it ispreferable that the virtual machines be deployed so that at least one ofthe virtual machine servers does not include any virtual machine asillustrated in FIG. 3B as an example. Specifically, the virtual machinedeployer 34 of the virtual machine management server 3 deploys thevirtual machines VM_A and VM_C on the virtual machine server VMS_X, thevirtual machines VM_B and VM_D on the virtual machine server VMS_Y, andno virtual machine on the virtual machine server VMS_Z.

With this deployment, a single virtual machine server (for example,virtual machine server VMS_Z) may be turned off, and whereby energy maybe saved.

In the present example, the virtual machine deployer 34 deploys thevirtual machines for the purpose of saving energy. However, the presentembodiment is not limited to this example. For example, the virtualmachine deployer 34 may deploy the virtual machines VM_A to VM_D on thevirtual machine servers VMS_X to VMS_Y so that the CPU utilizations areequal to each other or close to each other as much as possible.

Specifically, at least one of the virtual machines VM_A to VM_D may bedeployed in each of all the virtual machine servers VMS_X to VMS_Z asillustrated in FIG. 3C so that loads of the virtual machine servers maybe distributed and processing may be performed at a higher speed.

As discussed above, the virtual machine deployer 34 deploys the virtualmachines on the virtual machine servers on the basis of the performanceinformation inverted by the performance information inverter 33.

The function of the virtual machine deployer 34 may not be limited tothe aforementioned function. The function of the virtual machinedeployer 34 may be achieved by various known methods, and a detaileddiscussion thereof is omitted.

The conversion coefficient calculator 35 calculates a performanceinformation conversion coefficient. Specifically, the conversioncoefficient calculator 35 calculates one or more performance informationconversion coefficients by dividing one or more pieces of performanceinformation (acquired by the performance information acquirer 21)regarding the virtual machine running on the virtual machine server 2 bycorresponding one or more pieces of standard performance informationincluded in the standard virtual machine image in advance, respectively.

As discussed above, the CPU utilization coefficient, the disk I/Obandwidth utilization coefficient, the memory usage coefficient, and thenetwork I/O bandwidth utilization coefficient, each normalized by theCPU cycle, may be used as the performance information conversioncoefficient. A performance information conversion coefficient is notnecessary for the information, such as the number of CPU cores, attachedto the virtual machine image as the common-format performanceinformation even if the value may not be changed when a cloud system ischanged.

FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary configuration of a networksystem according to an embodiment of the present invention. The networksystem according to the present embodiment includes a plurality ofsystems each of which has the configuration discussed above. The networksystem 10 illustrated in FIG. 4 includes a cloud system CS_A and a cloudsystem CS_B. The cloud system CS_A and the cloud system CS_B arecommunicably connected to each other through the Internet 7. The userdevice 5 is communicably connected to the cloud system CS_A and thecloud system CS_B through the Internet 7.

The cloud system CS_A includes virtual machine servers 2-1A and 2-2A, avirtual machine management server 3-A and a file server 4-A. In thecloud system CS_A, the virtual machine servers 2-1A and 2-2A, thevirtual machine management server 3-A and the file server 4-A arecommunicably connected to each other through a LAN 6-A.

The cloud system CS_B includes virtual machine servers 2-1B and 2-2B, avirtual machine management server 3-B and a file server 4-B. In thecloud system CS_B, the virtual machine servers 2-1B and 2-2B, thevirtual machine management server 3-B and the file server 4-B arecommunicably connected to each other through a LAN 6-B.

In the following discussion, a specific virtual machine server may bespecified as the virtual machine server 2-1A, the virtual machine server2-2A, the virtual machine server 2-1B, or the virtual machine server2-2B, and any one of the virtual machine servers may be specified as thevirtual machine server 2.

Any one of the virtual machine servers included in each of the cloudsystems may be specified as the virtual machine server 2-A or thevirtual machine server 2-B.

A specific virtual machine management server may be specified as thevirtual machine management server 3-A or the virtual machine managementserver 3-B, and any one of the virtual machine management servers may bespecified as the virtual machine management server 3.

A specific file server may be specified as the file server 4-A or thefile server 4-B, and any one of the file servers may be specified as thefile server 4.

FIG. 5 illustrates an exemplary operation flow of the virtual machinemanagement server according to the present embodiment. The operationflow of a method for deploying virtual machines in the network system 10according to the present embodiment will be discussed with reference toFIG. 5.

In A1, a standard virtual machine image including standard performanceinformation is created. Hereinafter, an image including performanceinformation may be referred to as an augmented image. An augmented imageincluding common-format performance information of a virtual machine maybe referred to as an augmented virtual machine image. An augmented imageincluding standard performance information of a standard virtual machinemay be referred to as an augmented standard virtual machine image or astandard augmented image. First, a virtual machine management server 3included in any of the cloud systems is arbitrarily chosen to create aninitial standard virtual machine image. Since an initial image does notinclude performance information, performance information is attached tothe initial standard virtual machine image to create the augmentedstandard virtual machine image.

In A2, in each of the cloud systems, the virtual machine managementserver 3 calculates and stores a performance information conversioncoefficient for the each of the cloud systems on the basis of theaugmented standard virtual machine image.

In A3, to allow a virtual machine to be deployed across different cloudsystems, the virtual machine management server 3 included in the each ofthe cloud systems calculates common-format performance information forthe virtual machine on the basis of the performance informationconversion coefficient and creates an augmented virtual machine imageincluding the common-format performance information.

In A4, the virtual machine is deployed across the cloud systems on thebasis of the common-format performance information regarding the virtualmachine and the performance information conversion coefficients for thedestination cloud system.

FIG. 6 illustrates an exemplary operation flow of creating an augmentedstandard virtual machine image including standard performanceinformation according to the present embodiment. The details of A1 inFIG. 5, i.e., the operation flow of creating an augmented standardvirtual machine image will be discussed with reference to FIG. 6.

In A10, a user uploads from the user device 5 connected to the Internetan original initial image stored in an internal or external storagedevice of the user device 5 into a file server (the file server 4-A inthis case) included in an arbitrarily chosen cloud system (cloud systemCS_A in this case) to start a standard virtual machine. In addition tothe uploading, the user instructs from the user device 5 a virtualmachine management server (the virtual machine management server 3-A inthis case) to execute the uploaded original initial image. In responseto the instruction, the virtual machine deployer 34 of the virtualmachine management server 3-A acquires the specified original initialimage from the file server 4-A and deploys the acquired original initialimage on the virtual machine server 2-A to instruct the virtual machineserver 2-A to start a corresponding virtual machine as the standardvirtual machine. Thus, the standard virtual machine is started(activated) on the virtual machine server 2-A.

In A11, for example, when the standard virtual machine is started on thevirtual machine server 2-A, the performance information acquirer 21acquires performance information regarding the standard virtual machinein response to an instruction transmitted from the virtual machinemanagement server 3-A in accordance with an instruction from the userdevice 5.

In A12, for example, the image creator 23 of the virtual machine server2-A creates an initial image of the standard virtual machine which runson the virtual machine server 2-A in response to an instruction tocreate a standard virtual machine image, which has been transmitted fromthe user device 5 via the virtual machine management server 3-A. Theimage creator 23 of the virtual machine server 2-A may create an initialimage of the standard virtual machine which runs on the virtual machineserver 2-A, at a predetermined time, e.g., when the virtual machine isshut down.

In A13, the attacher 24 attaches the performance information acquired bythe performance information acquirer 21 to the attribute information ofthe initial standard virtual machine image created by the image creator23, and the augmented standard virtual machine image including thestandard performance information is stored in the file server 4-A. Theperformance information converter 22 does nothing about the standardvirtual machine. The augmented standard virtual machine image includingthe standard performance information is read from the file server 4-Aand stored in the internal or external storage device of the user device5 in response to an instruction from the user device 5.

FIG. 7 illustrates an exemplary operation flow of calculating aperformance information conversion coefficient according to the presentembodiment. The details of A2 in FIG. 5, i.e., the operation flow ofcalculating a performance information conversion coefficient will bediscussed with reference to FIG. 7.

In A20, the user uploads from the user device 5 the augmented standardvirtual machine image including the standard performance informationstored in the internal or external storage device of the user device 5into the file server 4-B included in a certain cloud system (the cloudsystem CS_B in this case). In addition to the uploading, the userinstructs from the user device 5 the virtual machine management server3-B, which is included in the cloud system including the file server 4-Bin which the augmented standard virtual machine image has been uploaded,to execute the augmented standard virtual machine image. Thus, thestandard virtual machine is started on the virtual machine server 2-B.When the virtual machine management server 3-B instructs the file server4-B to transmit the augmented standard virtual machine image, thevirtual machine management server 3-B acquires the standard performanceinformation included in the augmented standard virtual machine imagestored in the file server 4-B.

In A21, when the standard virtual machine is running on the virtualmachine server 2-B, the performance information acquirer 21 acquires newperformance information regarding the standard virtual machine inresponse to an instruction transmitted from the virtual machinemanagement server 3-B in accordance with an instruction from the userdevice 5.

In A22, the virtual machine management server 3-B receives the newperformance information acquired in A21 from the performance informationacquirer 21. The conversion coefficient calculator 35 calculates aperformance information conversion coefficient on the basis of the newperformance information acquired in A21 and the standard performanceinformation included in the augmented standard virtual machine image.

In A23, the calculated performance information conversion coefficient isstored in the virtual machine management server 3-B.

FIG. 8 illustrates an exemplary operation flow of creating an augmentedvirtual machine image including common-format performance informationaccording to the present embodiment. The details of A3 in FIG. 5, i.e.,the operation flow of creating an augmented virtual machine imageincluding common-format performance information will be discussed withreference to FIG. 8.

In A30, the user uploads from the user device 5 an original initialimage stored in the internal or external storage device of the userdevice 5 into a file server (the file server 4-A in this case) includedin a certain cloud system (cloud system CS_A in this case) to start avirtual machine. In addition to the uploading, the user instructs fromthe user device 5 the virtual machine management server 3-A to executethe uploaded original initial image so as to start the virtual machineon the virtual machine server 2-A.

In A31, for example, when the virtual machine is started on the virtualmachine server 2-A, the performance information acquirer 21 acquiresperformance information regarding the virtual machine in response to aninstruction transmitted from the virtual machine management server 3-Ain accordance with an instruction from the user device 5.

In A32, for example, the image creator 23 of the virtual machine server2-A creates an initial image of the virtual machine which runs on thevirtual machine server 2-A in response to an instruction to create avirtual machine image, which has been transmitted from the user device 5via the virtual machine management server 3-A. The image creator 23 ofthe virtual machine server 2-A may create an initial image of thevirtual machine which runs on the virtual machine server 2-A at apredetermined time, e.g., when the virtual machine is shut down.

In A33, the performance information converter 22 reads out theperformance information conversion coefficient stored in the virtualmachine management server 3-A and converts the performance informationacquired in A31 into the common-format performance information on thebasis of the performance information conversion coefficient.

In A34, the attacher 24 attaches the common-format performanceinformation to the attribute information of the initial virtual machineimage created by the image creator 23. After that, the virtual machineimage including the common-format performance information is stored inthe file server 4-A.

FIG. 9 illustrates an exemplary operation flow of deploying a virtualmachine across cloud systems according to the present embodiment. Thedetails of A4 in FIG. 5, i.e., the operation flow of deploying thevirtual machine across the cloud systems on the basis of the performanceinformation conversion coefficient and the common-format performanceinformation will be discussed with reference to FIG. 9.

In A40, the user acquires, by using the user device 5, the augmentedvirtual machine image including the common-format performanceinformation from a file server (the file server 4-A in this case)included in a certain cloud system (cloud system CS_A in this case) andtemporarily stores the augmented virtual machine image in the internalor external storage device of the user device 5. After that, the useruploads from the user device 5 the augmented virtual machine image intoa file server (the file server 4-B in this case) included in anothercloud system (cloud system CS_B in this case) and instructs a virtualmachine management server (the virtual machine management server 3-B inthis case) to execute the augmented virtual machine image so as to starta corresponding virtual machine.

In A41, the virtual machine management server 3-B acquires thecommon-format performance information from the augmented virtual machineimage to be executed in response to the instruction from the userdevice.

In A42, the performance information inverter 33 inverts thecommon-format performance information on the basis of the performanceinformation conversion coefficient stored in the virtual machinemanagement server 3-B.

In A43, the virtual machine deployer 34 determines, on the basis of theinverted performance information, a virtual machine server (the virtualmachine server 2-B in this case) that is suitable for the virtualmachine to be deployed.

In A44, the virtual machine deployer 34 deploys the virtual machine tostart the virtual machine.

Effects of the present embodiment will be discussed using a specificexample of the operation flow illustrated in FIG. 9. In the example, itis supposed that a virtual machine image is transferred from the cloudsystem CS_A to the cloud system CS_B in the network system 10.

When the standard performance information included in the augmentedstandard virtual machine image is indicated by Pref, and the performanceinformation that is acquired by executing the augmented standard virtualmachine image in the cloud system CS_A is indicated by Pref(A), aperformance information conversion coefficient R(A) for the cloud systemCS_A is expressed by Equation (1).

R(A)=Pref(A)/Pref  (1)

The performance information is the CPU utilization normalized by the CPUcycle, for example. When both of the standard performance informationPref and the performance information Pref(A) are 10%, the performanceinformation conversion coefficient R(A) for the cloud system CS_A is 1.

In a similar manner, when the standard performance information includedin the augmented standard virtual machine image is indicated by Pref,and performance information that is acquired by executing the augmentedstandard virtual machine image in the cloud system CS_B is indicated byPref(B), a performance information conversion coefficient R(B) for thecloud system CS_B is expressed by Equation (2).

R(B)=Pref(B)/Pref  (2)

When the performance information Pref(B) is 5%, the performanceinformation conversion coefficient R(B) for the cloud system CS_B is0.5.

When performance information regarding the virtual machine measured inthe cloud system CS_A is indicated by Papp(A), and common-formatperformance information Papp that is attached to the initial virtualmachine image created in the cloud system CS_A is expressed by Equation(3).

Papp=Papp(A)/R(A)  (3)

When the performance information Papp(A) regarding the virtual machinemeasured in the cloud system CS_A is 60%, the common-format performanceinformation is 60%. This is due to the fact that the performanceinformation conversion coefficient R(A) is 1.

Next, inversion of the common-format performance information in A42 isperformed. The inverted performance information Papp(B) is expressed byEquation (4).

Papp(B)=Papp×R(B)  (4)

Since the common-format performance information Papp is 60% and theperformance information conversion coefficient R(B) for the cloud systemCS_B is 0.5, the inverted performance information Papp(B) is 30%.

It is apparent that if the CPU utilization of each of virtual machinesis 30%, the CPU utilization of two virtual machines is required in thecloud system CS_A and the CPU utilization of one virtual machine isrequired in the cloud system CS_B.

When the conversion of performance information into common-formatperformance information and the inversion are not performed, it isconsidered that a virtual machine is deployed in the cloud system CS_Busing the performance information Papp(A) (=60%) of the virtual machinemeasured in the cloud system CS_A.

In the network system 10 according to the present embodiment, however,since the conversion of performance information into common-formatperformance information and the inversion are performed, the virtualmachine may be deployed in the cloud system CS_B using the performanceinformation Papp(B) (=30%). Thus, deployment of the virtual machinebased on recognition of unnecessarily high CPU utilization may not beperformed. That is, the virtual machine may be deployed on the basis ofthe reliable information. Therefore, the virtual machine may beappropriately deployed across the cloud systems.

In the network system 10 according to the present embodiment, whendeploying a virtual machine image across the different cloud systems,the virtual machine may be efficiently deployed by inverting theconverted common-format performance information.

In the network system 10 according to the present embodiment, theperformance information is converted into the common-format performanceinformation. The common-format performance information is attached tothe virtual machine image. The common-format performance information isinverted in each of the cloud systems. Thus, information necessary forthe deployment of the virtual machine may be transferred between thedifferent cloud systems.

Since it is possible to efficiently deploy the virtual machine using thereliable information, performance expected by the user may be achievedeven when the virtual machine image is migrated.

Since the virtual machine image may be migrated between the cloudsystems while the performance expected by the user is achieved, the usermay select a desired cloud system while satisfying the availability ofthe virtual machine.

Second Embodiment

FIG. 10 illustrates an exemplary configuration of a system according toa second embodiment. A system 100 has the same configuration as thesystem 1 discussed above except that the virtual machine server 2 of thesystem 100 has a load information acquirer 25. Reference numeralssimilar to those in FIG. 1 indicate parts similar to those in FIG. 1,respectively, and a discussion of the parts is omitted.

In the virtual machine server 2, the controller 20 that is the CPUincluded in the physical machine achieves a function of the loadinformation acquirer 25 by executing at least one of the applicationprograms and the like stored in the storage 26, for example.

The load information acquirer 25 acquires, in response to an instructionthat has been transmitted from the virtual machine management server 3on the basis of an instruction from the user device 5, load informationregarding the virtual machine running on the virtual machine server 2,for example. The load information is information regarding the number ofrequests provided to the virtual machine, for example. The loadinformation may be the average or peak value of the information per unittime, or may be a periodical change in the information for each day ormonth as long as the load information is used to deploy the virtualmachine.

The load information acquirer 25 acquires the load information byexecuting the OS (guest OS) of the virtual machine, for example. Theload information acquirer 25 may acquire the load information regardingthe virtual machine running on the virtual machine server 2 by startingthe virtual machine.

In the present embodiment, the attacher 24 attaches the common-formatperformance information generated by the performance informationconverter 22 and the load information acquired by the load informationacquirer 25 to the virtual machine image created by the image creator23. Specifically, the attacher 24 attaches the common-format performanceinformation and the load information in the attribute information of thevirtual machine image.

The virtual machine deployer 34 deploys the virtual machine image storedin the file server 4 on the virtual machine server 2 on the basis of oneor more pieces of performance information inverted by the performanceinformation inverter 33 and the load information included in the virtualmachine image.

FIG. 11A illustrates an example of performance information regardingvirtual machines. FIG. 11B illustrates an exemplary deployment ofvirtual machines on virtual machine servers. An example of operations ofthe virtual machine deployer 34 according to the present embodiment willbe discussed with reference to FIGS. 11A and 11B. FIGS. 11A and 11Billustrates a system that includes six virtual machines VM_A, VM_B,VM_C, VM_D, VM_E and VM_F and three virtual machine servers VMS_X, VMS_Yand VMS_Z. As illustrated in FIG. 11A, the CPU utilization normalized bythe CPU cycle is provided for each of the virtual machines VM_A to VM_Fas the performance information inverted by the performance informationinverter 33. In the example illustrated in FIG. 11A, the CPU utilizationnormalized by the CPU cycle of the virtual machines VM_A to VM_D are15%, 30%, 60%, 30%, 30% and 30%, respectively. In addition, a highloaded time period is provided to each of the virtual machines VM_A toVM_F as the load information. In the example illustrated in FIG. 11A,the high loaded time periods of the virtual machines VM_A to VM_F are“constant”, “morning”, “constant”, “night”, “morning” and “night”,respectively.

FIG. 12 illustrates an exemplary operation flow of deploying virtualmachines according to the present embodiment.

An example in which the virtual machines are deployed on the virtualmachine servers VMS_X to VMS_Z so that the CPU utilization of eachvirtual machine server does not exceed 80% will be discussed below.

In A50, the virtual machine deployer 34 of the virtual machinemanagement server 3 determines, on the basis of the inverted performanceinformation, to cause virtual machines VM_A and VM_C to run on the samevirtual machine server (for example, virtual machine server VMS_X). Thedetailed operation flow of A50 is similar to that of aforementioned A4in FIG. 5.

In A51, the CPU utilization of each of the rest of virtual machines is30%, and how to deploy the rest of virtual machines may not be uniquelydetermined. Thus, the virtual machine deployer 34 determines deploymentof the rest of virtual machines on the basis of the load information.

In this case, for example, in order to make loads of the virtual machineservers to be equal, the virtual machine deployer 34 deploys the virtualmachines VM_B and VM_D on the virtual machine server VMS_Y and deploysthe virtual machines VM_E and VM_F on the virtual machine server VMS_Z.

FIG. 13 illustrates an exemplary operation flow of deploying virtualmachines across cloud systems according to the present embodiment. FIG.14 illustrates an example of load information according to the presentembodiment. In the example illustrated in FIG. 14, the number of timesof access in each time period to a service provided by each of thevirtual machines is provided as the load information regarding the eachof the virtual machines. For example, the virtual machines VM_A and VM_Bare accessed many times in daytime and the virtual machines VM_C andVM_D are accessed many times in time periods from night to dawn. Thedetails of A51 in FIG. 12, i.e., the operation flow of deploying thevirtual machines on the basis of the load information will be discussedwith reference to a FIGS. 13 and 14.

In A60, the virtual machine deployer 34 according to the presentembodiment creates combinations of virtual machines. For example, thevirtual machine deployer 34 creates a combination of the virtualmachines VM_A and VM_B and the virtual machines VM_C and VM_D, acombination of the virtual machines VM_A and VM_C and the virtualmachines VM_B and VM_D, and a combination of the virtual machines VM_Aand VM_D and the virtual machines VM_B and VM_C.

In A61, the virtual machine deployer 34 sums loads of virtual machinesin each time period illustrated in FIG. 14 for each of the combinationscreated in A60.

In A62, and extracts the maximum load in a time period for each group ineach combination of the virtual machines.

Specifically, the total load of the group of the virtual machines VM_Aand VM_B is the maximum in a time period from 10 o'clock to 12 o'clock.The maximum load L(A,B) of the group of the virtual machines VM_A andVM_B is calculated as L(A,B)=90+150=240. The maximum load L(C,D) of thegroup of the virtual machines VM_C and VM_D is calculated asL(C,D)=135+70=205. The maximum load L(A,C) of the group of the virtualmachines VM_A and VM_C is calculated as L(A,C)=1+135=136. The maximumload L(B,D) of the group of the virtual machines VM_B and VM_D iscalculated as L(B,D)=150+2=152. The maximum load L(A,D) of the group ofthe virtual machines VM_A and VM_D is calculated as L(A,D)=80+30=110.The maximum load L(B,C) of the group of the virtual machines VM_B andVM_C is calculated as L(B,C)=150+3=153.

In A63, the virtual machine deployer 34 compares the maximum loads ofthe combinations.

In A64, the virtual machine deployer 34 selects a combination which hasa smallest maximum load to deploy the virtual machines on the virtualmachine servers on the basis of the selected combination.

Specifically, the maximum load of the combination of the virtualmachines VM_A and VM_B and the virtual machines VM_C and VM_D is 240.The maximum load of the combination of the virtual machines VM_A andVM_C and the virtual machines VM_B and VM_D is 152. The maximum load ofthe combination of the virtual machines VM_A and VM_D and the virtualmachines VM_B and VM_C is 153.

Thus, the virtual machine deployer 34 selects the combination of thevirtual machines VM_A and VM_C and the virtual machines VM_B and VM_D,since the maximum load of the combination is smallest. Then, the virtualmachine deployer 34 deploys the virtual machines on the virtual machineservers on the basis of the selected combination.

The system 100 according to the present embodiment provides similareffects as that of the first embodiment. In the system 100 according tothe present embodiment, the virtual machines are deployed on the basisof the performance information and the load information. It is,therefore, possible to deploy the virtual machines more efficiently.

Other Embodiments

The technique discussed above is not limited to the aforementionedembodiments and may be variously modified without departing from thegist of the embodiments.

For example, in the first embodiment, the performance informationconverter 22 is included in the virtual machine server 2. However, theconfiguration is not limited to this. For example, the virtual machinemanagement server 3 may include the performance information converter22. In this case, the virtual machine management server 3 acquires theperformance information acquired by the performance information acquirer21 and generates the common-format performance information on the basisof the performance information conversion coefficient stored in thevirtual machine management server 3, for example.

In the first embodiment, the image creator 23 is included in the virtualmachine server 2. However, the configuration is not limited to this. Forexample, the virtual machine management server 3 may include the imagecreator 23.

In the first embodiment, the attacher 24 is included in the virtualmachine server 2. However, the configuration is not limited to this. Forexample, the virtual machine management server 3 may include theattacher 24. In this case, the attacher 24 acquires the common-formatperformance information generated by the performance informationconverter 22 and attaches the common-format performance information tothe virtual machine image.

In the first embodiment, the conversion coefficient calculator 35 isincluded in the virtual machine management server 3. However, theconfiguration is not limited to this. For example, the virtual machineserver 2 may include the conversion coefficient calculator 35. In thiscase, the performance information conversion coefficient that iscalculated by the conversion coefficient calculator 35 is stored in thestorage 31 of the virtual machine management server 3.

In the first embodiment, the cloud system CS_A includes two virtualmachine servers 2-A. However, the configuration is not limited to this.The cloud system CS_A may include one virtual machine server 2-A orinclude three or more virtual machine servers 2-A.

In the first embodiment, the cloud system CS_B includes two virtualmachine servers 2-B. However, the configuration is not limited to this.The cloud system CS_B may include one virtual machine server 2-B orinclude three or more virtual machine servers 2-B.

In the first embodiment, the systems 1 and 100 each have one virtualmachine server 2. However, the configuration is not limited to this. Thesystems 1 and 100 may each include two or more virtual machine servers.

In the first embodiment, the network system includes two cloud systemsCS_A and CS_B. However, the configuration is not limited to this. Thenetwork system may include three or more cloud systems.

The functions of the virtual machine server, the virtual machinemanagement server, or the file server may be realized by a computer byexecuting software. FIG. 15 illustrates an exemplary systemconfiguration of a computer. The computer illustrated in FIG. 15includes a CPU 1502 for executing the software such as OS andapplication programs, a main memory 1504 such as an RAM for temporarilystoring data, an auxiliary storage such as an HDD 1506 for storing data,a drive unit 1508 for reading data from and/or writing data to aremovable disk 1510, an input unit 1512 for accepting user input, adisplay unit 1514 for displaying data, and a communication interface1516 for establishing a connection to a network. These components areconnected to each other via a bus 1518. The software may be stored inthe removable disk 1510 when delivered, installed onto the HDD 1506 fromthe removable disk 1510, and loaded into the main memory 1504 from theHDD 1506 when executed by the CPU 1502. The software may be deliveredover the network.

Various application programs that achieve the functions of the CPUsincluded in the virtual machine server 2, the virtual machine managementserver 3 and the file server 4 are stored in the removable disk 1510.The removable disk 1510 is a computer-readable storage medium such as aflexible disk, a compact disc (CD), a CD-ROM, a CD recordable (CD-R), aCD rewritable (CD-RW) or the like, a digital versatile disc (DVD), aDVD-ROM, a DVD-RAM, a DVD recordable (DVD-R), a DVD+R, a DVD rewritable(DVD-RW), a DVD+RW, a high-definition DVD (HD DVD), or the like, aBlu-ray disc, a magnetic disk, an optical disc or a magneto-opticaldisk. The computer reads the programs from the storage medium, andstores the read programs in the internal or external storage device sothat the programs may be used. The programs may be stored in a storagedevice (storage medium) such as a magnetic disk, an optical disc or amagneto-optical disk and provided from the storage device to thecomputer through a communication path.

All examples and conditional language recited herein are intended forpedagogical purposes to aid the reader in understanding the inventionand the concepts contributed by the inventor to furthering the art, andare to be construed as being without limitation to such specificallyrecited examples and conditions, nor does the organization of suchexamples in the specification relate to a showing of the superiority andinferiority of the invention. Although the embodiments of the presentinvention have been discussed in detail, it should be understood thatthe various changes, substitutions, and alterations could be made heretowithout departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

1. A network system comprising: a plurality of cloud systems, each ofthe plurality of cloud systems including a plurality of servers, each ofthe plurality of servers allowing virtual machines to run thereon,wherein a first cloud system of the plurality of cloud systems includes:a first generator configured to generate, on the basis of firstperformance information regarding one virtual machine and a firstpredetermined coefficient predetermined for the first cloud system,second performance information regarding the one virtual machine, thefirst performance information being included in a first augmented imageof the one virtual machine, the first augmented image being created in asecond cloud system other than the first cloud system, the second cloudsystem being included in the plurality of cloud systems, and a deployerconfigured to deploy the one virtual machine on one of the plurality ofservers included in the first cloud system on the basis of the generatedsecond performance information.
 2. The network system according to claim1, wherein the first generator multiplies the first performanceinformation by the first predetermined coefficient to generate thesecond performance information.
 3. The network system according to claim1, wherein the second cloud system includes: a first acquirer configuredto acquirer third performance information regarding the one virtualmachine in the second cloud system, a second generator configured togenerate the first performance information by converting the acquiredthird performance information on the basis of a second predeterminedcoefficient predetermined for the second cloud system, an image creatorconfigured to create an initial image of the one virtual machine, and anattacher configured to attach the generated first performanceinformation to the created initial image to create the first augmentedimage.
 4. The network system according to claim 3, wherein the secondgenerator divides the acquired third performance information by thesecond predetermined coefficient to generate the first performanceinformation.
 5. The network system according to claim 3, wherein thefirst cloud system further includes: a second acquirer configured toacquire first standard performance information regarding a standardvirtual machine, and a first calculator configured to calculate thefirst predetermined coefficient on the basis of the acquired firststandard performance information and second standard performanceinformation included in a standard augmented image of the standardvirtual machine.
 6. The network system according to claim 5, wherein thefirst acquirer acquires a third standard performance informationregarding the standard virtual machine, and the second cloud systemfurther includes: a second calculator configured to calculate the secondpredetermined coefficient on the basis of the acquired third standardperformance information and the second standard performance informationincluded in the standard augmented image.
 7. The network systemaccording to claim 5, wherein the first calculator divides the acquiredfirst standard performance information by the second standardperformance information to calculate the first predeterminedcoefficient.
 8. The network system according to claim 6, wherein thesecond calculator divides the acquired third standard performanceinformation by the second standard performance information to calculatethe second predetermined coefficient.
 9. The network system according toclaim 5, wherein the second standard performance information included inthe standard augmented image is acquired by any acquirer for acquiringperformance information regarding a virtual machine, the any acquirerbeing included in one of the plurality of cloud systems.
 10. Amanagement server included in a first cloud system in a network systemincluding a plurality of cloud systems, each of the plurality of cloudsystems including a plurality of servers, each of the plurality ofservers allowing virtual machines to run thereon, the management servercomprising: a generator configured to generate, on the basis of firstperformance information regarding one virtual machine and apredetermined coefficient predetermined for the first cloud system,second performance information regarding the one virtual machine, thefirst performance information being included in a first augmented imageof the one virtual machine, the first augmented image being created in asecond cloud system other than the first cloud system, the second cloudsystem being included in the plurality of cloud systems; and a deployerconfigured to deploy the one virtual machine on one of the plurality ofservers included in the first cloud system on the basis of the generatedsecond performance information.
 11. The management server according toclaim 10, wherein the generator multiplies the first performanceinformation by the predetermined coefficient to generate the secondperformance information.
 12. A virtual machine deployment methodexecuted by a network system including a plurality of cloud systems,each of the plurality of cloud systems including a plurality of servers,each of the plurality of servers allowing virtual machines to runthereon, the virtual machine deployment method comprising: generating,on the basis of first performance information regarding one virtualmachine and a first predetermined coefficient predetermined for a firstcloud system, second performance information regarding the one virtualmachine by the first cloud system, the first performance informationbeing included in a first augmented image of the one virtual machine,the first augmented image being created by a second cloud system otherthan the first cloud system, the second cloud system being included inthe plurality of cloud systems; and deploying, by the first cloudsystem, the one virtual machine on one of the plurality of serversincluded in the first cloud system on the basis of the generated secondperformance information.
 13. The virtual machine deployment methodaccording to claim 12, wherein the first cloud system multiplies thefirst performance information by the first predetermined coefficient togenerate the second performance information.
 14. The virtual machinedeployment method according to claim 12, further comprising: acquiring,by the second cloud system, third performance information regarding theone virtual machine; generating, by the second cloud system, the firstperformance information by converting the acquired third performanceinformation on the basis of a second predetermined coefficientpredetermined for the second cloud system; creating, by the second cloudsystem, an initial image of the one virtual machine; and attaching, bythe second cloud system, the generated first performance information tothe created initial image to create the first augmented image.
 15. Thevirtual machine deployment method according to claim 14, wherein thesecond cloud system divides the acquired third performance informationby the second predetermined coefficient to generate the firstperformance information.
 16. The virtual machine deployment methodaccording to claim 14, further comprising: acquiring, by the first cloudsystem, first standard performance information regarding a standardvirtual machine; and calculating, by the first cloud system, the firstpredetermined coefficient on the basis of the acquired first standardperformance information and second standard performance informationincluded in a standard augmented image of the standard virtual machine.17. The virtual machine deployment method according to claim 16, furthercomprising: acquiring, by the second cloud system, a third standardperformance information regarding the standard virtual machine; andcalculating, by the second cloud system, the second predeterminedcoefficient on the basis of the acquired third standard performanceinformation and the second standard performance information included inthe standard augmented image.
 18. The virtual machine deployment methodaccording to claim 16, wherein the second cloud system divides theacquired first standard performance information by the second standardperformance information to calculate the first predeterminedcoefficient.
 19. The virtual machine deployment method according toclaim 17, wherein the second cloud system divides the acquired thirdstandard performance information by the second standard performanceinformation to calculate the second predetermined coefficient.
 20. Acomputer-readable, non-transitory medium storing a program that causes acomputer to execute a virtual machine deployment method, the computerbeing included in a first cloud system of a plurality of cloud systems,each of the plurality of cloud systems including a plurality of servers,each of the plurality of servers allowing virtual machines to runthereon, the virtual machine deployment method comprising: generating,on the basis of first performance information regarding one virtualmachine and a first predetermined coefficient predetermined for thefirst cloud system, second performance information regarding the onevirtual machine, the first performance information being included in afirst augmented image of the one virtual machine, the first augmentedimage being created by a second cloud system other than the first cloudsystem, the second cloud system being included in the plurality of cloudsystems; and deploying the one virtual machine on one of the pluralityof servers included in the first cloud system on the basis of thegenerated second performance information.
 21. A server for allowing avirtual machine to run thereon, the server comprising: a memory forstoring a predetermined coefficient; and a processor to acquire firstperformance information regarding the virtual machine, to generatesecond performance information regarding the virtual machine byconverting the acquired first performance information on the basis ofthe predetermined coefficient, to create an initial image of the virtualmachine, and to attach the generated second performance information tothe created initial image.